Email template styles completely broken/collapsed in real transactional emails b

Hello Support Team,

I am experiencing an issue where my email template layout collapses when a real WooCommerce transactional email is triggered, even though it renders perfectly when I send a test email from the plugin backend.

Here are the details of the problem:
1. When sending a “Test Email” directly from the builder, the design is perfect (centered alignment, proper table structure, correct button padding).
2. When a real email is triggered by WooCommerce (e.g., a “Cancelled Order” notification), all custom CSS styles disappear or fail to render. The email container jumps to full-width, the layout alignment breaks, the product table columns collapse, and the buttons lose all their padding/styling.
3. The problem only appears in mobile version.
4. Once I redirect the mail from Gmail App, the redirected email is perfect again

I have already tried:
– Clearing my site and server cache.
– Checking basic WooCommerce email settings.

Could you please help me identify why the custom template inline styles are being stripped or overridden during native WooCommerce transactional triggers?

I have attached screenshots of both the successful test email layout and the broken real email layout for your reference.

Thank you for your help.