Double blank image in email

Hello! When I send an email of the build, there is a double image showing, one of the product, and one blank.
The problem gets resolved if I remove the product image from Woocommerce, but it’s not a solution for me, because I would like to keep the images in the mail. The issue is not present in the PDF version, nor in the Print one. I added a photo of the issue!
Thank you!