There are no product images in customers email with real orders from website

In customers email with real orders from website – there are no product images: https://www.screencast.com/t/g8nwsIKKr

And main thing is that images display in test email, when I send it from email editor via this button: https://www.screencast.com/t/denwsCz3
Here is the result of such test email: https://www.screencast.com/t/u4UyHE78ViH

Here is the code from emails:
1. Real email order
screenshot: https://www.screencast.com/t/gH6kl7HJL
email: https://app.sparkmailapp.com/web-share/T_1qgDKP3yC6NFUhrXaXVnKH9M9Lrk-cGIi8MBIB

2. Test email:
screenshot: https://www.screencast.com/t/oGd4nePdMZe
email: https://app.sparkmailapp.com/web-share/W_98q82OopyeVaB1wsCFPoGd9lTK_3gd4BYJ6Wt7

P.S. I don’t have any plugin with “lazy load” (in Jetpack it option is disabled).

P.P.S. The problem became some time ago. Images displayed correctly last time at 17 January 2022, and since 09 February 2022 they disappear from emails. May be I did in my website something wrong in this time. Or may be it was some plugin or WordPress update which broke images.

Will appreciate your help and feedback.
Thank you